Or with the First World War, which claimed the lives of about 3 million Russians, among some 15 million across the world as a whole.Ĭompare these figures with the Russian Civil War, where an estimated 1.5 million combatants died and up to 12 million civilians succumbed to cold, hunger, and disease. We can compare it with the American Civil War, which killed two-thirds of a million, about 2% of the population, more than in all the other wars in US history combined. The conflict raged across Eurasia for four years, claimed approximately 15 million lives, and reconfigured the whole of 20th-century history. Yet the Russian Civil War, which began a century ago this year, is only dimly remembered. It matched in scale, drama, and significance the American Civil War half a century before. A Bolshevik recruitment poster exhorting workers to join the Red Army, 1920. How did the Russian Civil War betray a popular revolution? MHM Editor Neil Faulkner assesses the historical significance of the conflict.
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